Solar power system, structure and operating principle - Bestiani

Solar power is gradually becoming the trend of the future because it is a clean renewable energy source, bringing a lot of benefits as well as being friendly to the environment.

1. What is a solar power system?

Solar power system is a system that converts sunlight directly into electricity through solar panels. Solar energy provides an infinite source of energy, does not produce CO2 emissions and especially has no cost when used, so it is an extremely clean, reliable and renewable source of energy. much value to people.

2. Structure of the solar power system

The basic components that make up a solar power system include: solar panels, inverters to convert electricity (inverters), solar chargers, and storage battery systems. Each of these parts plays a different important role to help create the most efficient solar power system, specifically:

• Solar battery system: The main component in solar cells is pure silicon - containing on the surface a large number of light sensors are photodiodes that are responsible for collecting and converting solar energy into electricity, then providing power. power for the whole system to operate.
• Inverter Inverters: It is responsible for converting the DC power of the solar cell to AC power for use in electrical equipment.
• Solar charger: It is responsible for ensuring the charge of energy from the solar cell to the battery system, making the battery and system work better and prolonging its life.
• Storage battery system: Since solar power is not continuously produced due to fixed lighting time, the batteries are then used to store electricity. When the grid power is lost or the solar power system does not produce electricity, these storage batteries will supply the consumed loads from the grid system.

3. Working principle of solar power system

Looking at the structure, we can see the working mechanism of the solar power system based on the photoelectric effect in physics. The system of solar panels is installed on the roof or the locations with the most sunlight. The panels will have the effect of absorbing photons in sunlight and producing direct current.

This direct current through the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current. This alternating current has the same capacity and frequency as the grid-tied electricity.

   Next, this system uses solar charging to fully charge the storage batteries, and then connect to the state electricity grid. From there, both of these power sources will supply power to the consuming loads at the same time. However, the system will automatically prioritize the use of solar power, only when the solar power system does not produce and supply enough electricity for use, it will switch to using grid power.

4. Classification of solar power systems

– There are 3 forms of solar power installation, including: Solar power system connected to the grid (On Grid), independent solar power system (Off Grid) and combined solar power system (Hybrid).

– On-grid solar power system: This is the most commonly used system today. Solar power generated from the On-grid system is prioritized for electrical equipment. When the demand for electricity is greater than the amount of electricity generated by the solar power system, the system will take electricity from the national grid for use.

– In case the system produces excess electricity compared to consumption, the excess electricity will push back to the national electricity grid. The excess electricity will then be recorded through the 2-way meter and EVN will pay for this electricity.

-> You can find out more at: Summary of the latest residential solar power system in 2021

– Independent solar power system (Off-grid): The feature of this system is that it is completely independent of the mains power. With an independent solar power system, the system will produce electricity and then conduct it to batteries to store electricity.

– Combined solar power system (Hybrid): This system is a combination of On-grid and Off-grid systems, so it can both connect to the national grid and have a battery to store electricity for necessary needs.

5. Benefits of solar power system

– Solar energy sources are increasingly widely used in life such as creating heating, cooling and ventilation systems; Water filtration systems; using solar energy for cooking, drying, sterilizing and heating water; Generate electricity with a solar power system…

Some of the outstanding benefits of a solar power system include:

• Maximum savings on monthly electricity costs
• Solar power systems can last up to 30 years. At the same time, maintenance and maintenance costs are also very low during use.
• Help improve the aesthetics and increase the value of your works
• Support to reduce the burden from thermal power plants, reduce CO2 to help protect the living environment in addition to making a profit from selling excess electricity from the solar power system directly to EVN.